There are approximately 20 recognized inorganic elements which perform essential functions in the body. Some minerals are required in considerable quantities, termed macro-minerals, while others, which are required in lesser amounts, are referred to as micro-minerals. Macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and sulfur. Microminerals include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium and iodine. Other minerals which could be required include nickel, fluorine, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tin and silicon (Akiyama et al., 1992).

The general functions of minerals are as constituents of the exoskeleton, for balance of osmotic pressure, as structural constituents of tissues, and for transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Minerals serve as essential components of enzymes, vitamins, hormones and pigments, and are metabolic co-factors, catalysts and enzyme activators (Akiyama et al., 1992).

As with most aquatic animals, shrimp can absorb or excrete minerals directly from the aquatic environment via the gills and body surfaces. Therefore, the dietary requirement of minerals is largely dependent on the mineral concentration of the aquatic environment in which the shrimp is being cultured (Akiyama et al., 1992).