Suggested water quality criteria for penaeid shrimp hatcheries |
| Parameter |
Criteria |
|
Nauplii |
Zoea |
Mysis |
PL |
Juvenile |
| Ammonia (µg/l NH3-N) |
10 |
17 |
48 |
100 |
100 |
| Nitrite (mg/l NO2-N) |
0.11 |
0.29 |
0.45 |
1.36 |
- |
| Nitrate (mg/l NO3-N) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
<200 |
| Carbon dioxide (mg/l) |
<1 |
|
|
|
|
| Dissolved oxygen (%) |
>95 |
|
|
|
|
| Gas supersaturation (P, mm Hg) |
<20 |
|
|
|
|
| Hydrogen sulfide (µg/l @ H2S) |
<2 |
|
|
|
|
| Chlorine residual (µg/l) |
<10 |
|
|
|
|
| pH |
7.9-8.2 |
|
|
|
|
| Temperature (oC) |
25-28 |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
| Suspended solids (mg/l) |
<1 |
|
|
|
|
| Salinity (g/kg) |
26-34 |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
(optimum is species dependent) |
Metals (total):
Cadmium (µ/l)
Chromium (µg/l)
Copper (µg/l)
Iron (µg/l)
Mercury (µg/l)
Manganese (µg/l)
Nickel (µg/l)
Lead (µg/l)
Zinc (µg/l) |
<5.0
<25
<3
<300
<0.1
<50
<50
<50
<50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colt & Huguenin, 1992
|