QUESTION:
I am currently preparing a list of the optimum water temperatures for
growth, and the specific growth rates recorded at that temperature, for
aquaculture fish species and for potential aquaculture fish species. The data is for a summary table in a paper that I am writing on the optimum water temperature for juvenile common wolffish. I have found published values for the following species:
African catfish (Clarias lazera)
Common wolffish (Anarhichas lupus)
Arctic charr
Florida Red Tilapia (this is a strain bred out backcrosses of f-1 hybrids between my Red tilapia mossambica and normal T. hornorums, that I sold as f-1 back around 16 years ago. They also became the Jamaica reds.
Atlantic cod
Hybrid striped bass
Atlantic Halibut
Rainbow trout
Atlantic salmon
Turbot
What are the values for the fish above ?
Ian McCarthy <idmc1m@bio.gla.ac.uk>
COMMENTS 1:
Tilapia spp (surprisingly I can't find any other sgr values for tilapia!, I
have a number of papers but the fish are either the wrong size, or they are the right size but the growth rates are reported in terms of length (mm/day)).
Tilapia are not a single species nor within the species are all of the
strains the same, and f-1 hybrids are also not the same as backcrossed or multicrossed hybrids, so you are asking a generic question about a
constellation of species and gene lines and hybrids. There is some good published rates for tilapia f-1 hybrids between T. hornorum and T. mossambica all males done at Oak Ridge National Fisheries, by Sam Sufferin in the mid 70's, I used to have all of the reprints but do not know if I have them now.
The best growth rates I recall were 9% per day at 31.5 C for 10 gram
fingerlings fed all they could eat three times a day of Purina trout chow where the uneaten feed was removed. Another unpublished study in 1969, of 20,000 f-1 male hybrids stocked in a 20,000 acre dam was reported verbally to me some years ago where they were tagged and stocked on April 15 and caught out by fishermen between Sept. 15 and Oct. 15 averaging just over 1,500 grams, but each fish had one acre of water.
By the way the fastest growing f-1 hybrid I have tested in the ranges you are asking for are for my Chocolate Hybrids (tm) which grew from 0.1 grams to 500 grams in 116 days (a Nilotica hornorum all male f-1 cross)
CHESNAPPER@aol.com
COMMENTS 2:
I have recently completed my PhD researching the intensive
aquaculture of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (of
which Clarias lazera is a junior synonym) and its hybrid with the
African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis. The temperature
preferences for these species (and theoretically their optimum
temperature for growth) were:
Clarias gariepinus = 28 to 30 C
C. gariepinus x H. longifilis = 28 to 34 C
(Oellermann & Hecht, in prep.)
Further research from our Dept. has shown that the optimum
temperature for growth of the marine spotted grunt, Pomadasys
commersonni, is 24.5 C (Deacon & Hecht, 1995, and in prep.)
Dr L.K. Oellermann
Dept. Ichthyology & Fisheries Science
Rhodes University
Grahamstown 6140
South Africa
Tel: +27 461 318415/6
Fax: +27 461 24827
e-mail: <LARRYO@guppy.ru.ac.za>
COMMENTS 3:
I believe the optimum temperatures for growth of eels are:
American eel (Anguilla rostrata)......22 C
European eel (Anguilla anguilla)......25 C
Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)......27-28 C
Sean Tibbetts
<SMTIBBETTS@saturn.NSAC.NS.CA>
COMMENTS 4:
I didn't list all the values I had already found, only the species where I
wasn't sure whether I had found the highest growth rates. I have had a
request to list the other values, so for completeness I list them below. The data below are presented as species, optimum temperature, specific growth rate, body size, reference. The studies are limited to fish between 20 and 70g, reared in tanks and fed pelleted diets (maximum or ad libitum rations).
African catfish (Clarias lazera)
30 C, 6.0 %/d, 40g, Hoogendoorn et al. 1983 (Aquaculture 34:265-285).
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
14 C, 2.6 %/d, size quoted as 'underyearling', Jobling et al. 1992
(Buvisindi 6:47-62).
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
14 C, 2.9 %/d, 60g, Jobling 1988, (Aquaculture 70:1-19).
Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
14 C, 2.3 %/d, 60g, Bjornsson & Tryggvadottir 1996 (Aquaculture 142:33-42).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
16 C, 3.4 %/d, 40g, Austreng et al. 1987 (Aquaculture 60: 157-160).
Common wolffish (Anarhichas lupus)
10-11 C, 0.9 %/d, 55g, Own unpublished data.
Florida Red Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepsis hornorum x O. mossambicus)
32 C, 6.0 %/d, 20g, Watanabe et al. 1993 (Aquaculture 112:309-320).
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
17 C, 3.5 %/d, 40g, Austreng et al. 1987 (Aquaculture 60:157-160)
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
19 C, 1.6 %/d, 50g, Imsland et al. 1996 (J, Fish Biol. 49:926-940)
Dr Ian McCarthy,
University Field Station,
Rowardennan,
Glasgow,
G63 0AW,
United Kingdom
Tel. 44 (0)1360 870271 or 870244
Fax. 44 (0)1360 870381
email idmc1m@bio.gla.ac.uk
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