ARTEMIA REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS

From: Jose Curiel

To: Shrimp List; shrimp@egroups.com

Sent: June 08, 2000

COMMENTS 1:

One of the strategies to reduce dependence on Artemia is the culture of
periphyton (algae and microcrustacea) using AquaMats engineered
substrates.
This innovative technology has been proven in commercial hatcheries in Mexico, Ecuador, Brazil, USA, Belize and Panama with L. vannamei and in Australia with P. monodon. Artemia reductions of up to 60% have been achieved with consumption lowered to 1.5 kg cysts per million pls. For more information please visit our website at www.aquamats.com

José I. Curiel
AquaMats(r) for Aquaculture Division
Meridian Aquatic Technology
7855 NW 29 ST, Suite 150
Miami, FL 33122
e-mail: jcuriel@aquamats.com
http://www.aquamats.com
Tel. +1 (305) 639-9962
Fax: +1 (305) 639-3415

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COMMENTS 2:

On the subject of Artemia replacement, we have developed an outstanding liquid larval diet, which will replace Artemia by more than
60%, the diet has proven performance in many major hatcheries worldwide.

For more information contact us at the following:
Tel. 609-267-9118

Fax: 609-267-9336

epicore@gbsias,

www.epicorebionet.com
Attention of Gerry McGuire or Bill Long

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COMMENTS 3:

In some cultures (sea bass, P. monodon, and other finfish) in Asia, we have found the growing use of a Cladoceran organism called Diaphanosoma celebensis (= aspinosum).
This is a saline tolerant (1-42 ppt) water flea in the 400-800 micron
range which has been successfully cultured in backyard operations to the tune of 1 kg of biomass in 1 cubic meter of water every three days.
In certain parts of Thailand, this organism has proven effective in replacement of 100% of the Artemia after shrimp PL 5 stage. This
organism, however, in order to be effective as a good replacement
must be enriched prior to being fed. This enrichment is accomplished
with a high source of DHA, but usually not of an oil emulsion base
since gill and water fouling is problematic. Schizochytrium is the most
commonly used enrichment agent used in Thailand for Diaphanosoma.
Currently, this organism is found only in some areas of SE Asia and is
spread by culture division since the organism under current culture
conditions has reproduced only parthenogenetically. Hatchery managers using this organism have reduced their dependency on
Artemia due to the erratic supply and unpredictable pricing for
current stocks of Artemia.
References on this organism were sighted by Susumu Segawa (Tokyo University of Fisheries, and Won Tack Yang (Marine Biomedical Institute, the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1988 in several reports. They found that mean densities of 71.9-100 individuals per ml -1 (minus 1), could be maintained on Tetraselmis chui after maximum density was attained (for general culture). In Thailand, they are currently growing Diaphanosoma on Chlorella sp.
The conclusion was: "Such a high population growth potentiality may indicate that this is a promising species for mass culture as food organisms for the mariculture of fishes and invertebrates".
Word has it that Armando Fermin has also done some work on this as recent as 1998 in the Philippines as an Artemia substitute for Lates calcarifer larvae. He is with SEAFDEC.
Another related halophylic cladocera is that of Moina salina.
Work on this species was done in 1994 by T. Gordo and J.P. Canavate
of CICEM "El Toruno", Cadiz, Spain and L.M Lubian from the
Instituto de Ciencias marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), also of Cadiz, Spain. This species is found in southern lagoons of Spain
and intertidal salt marsh environments.
I also understand that Clyde Tamaru and Harry Ako of the University of Hawaii are investigating these organisms, along with other extensive work done on Moina (freshwater varieties).
There are several papers on the enrichment of non-Artemia diet sources using high DHA enrichment additives and the resulting effect for possible use as Artemia substitutes for predator larvae.

Leland Lai
Aquafauna Bio-Marine, Inc.

lelandlai@aquafauna.com

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COMMENTS 4:

Just to let you know that I have available fresh frozen Daphnia pulicaria that are naturally enriched with Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) algae.
These animals are harvested, passed through a heat exchanger and chilled to 34 degrees F and then frozen or in July they will be brought in chilled and fresh dried on a Hydrodry unit that yields higher nutritional quality than freeze-drying.

Howard W. Newman
Desert Lake Technologies
bshrimp@aol.com

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