Viral and bacterial diseases of marine fish
and shellfish in Japanese hatcheries
K.
Muroga-2001
Aquaculture,
202(1-2): 23-44
Abstract:
In Japan, seed production techniques have been
exploited for about 80 species of marine fish and shellfish. However, mass
mortalities due to infectious and non-infectious diseases have often
occurred in larvae and juveniles reared in marine hatcheries. Among these
problems the viral and bacterial diseases with their control measures are
reviewed in this paper. Since around the middle of the 1980s, viral diseases
such as viral epidermal hyperplasia (herpesvirus infection) in the Japanese
flounder, viral ascites (birnavirus infection) in yellowtail, viral nervous
necrosis (VNN) (nodavirus infection) in Japanese parrotfish and striped
jack, and baculoviral mid-gut gland necrosis (BMN) (baculovirus infection)
and penaeid acute viremia (PAV) (unclassified virus infection) in kuruma
prawn have been reported. It was demonstrated that the selection of
virus-free spawners based on the detection of the pathogen by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) serves as an effective control measure against vertical
transmission of the pathogen in VNN and PAV. Vibriosis, pasteurellosis,
gliding bacterial infection and other bacterial diseases have occurred in
various marine fishes at their juvenile stages. On the other hand, larval
fish most frequently develop intestinal infections represented by bacterial
enteritis with Vibrio ichthyoenteri in the Japanese flounder. In the
last part of the article, control measures for viral and bacterial diseases
were discussed in each step of seed production process.
(Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima
University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan, Tel.:
+81-824-24-7977; fax: +81-824-22-7059, e-mail: fpath@hiroshima-u.ac.jp)