Growth, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed different oils in the presence and absence of phospholipids
M.L. González-Félix, A.L. Lawrence, D.M. Gatlin
III, M. Perez-Velazquez-2002
Aquaculture, 205(3-4): 325-343
Abstract:
A 2×6 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the
effect of dietary phospholipids (PL) and different neutral lipids, as well
as their potential interaction, on growth, survival and fatty acid
composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue of juvenile Litopenaeus
vannamei. The lipid sources were coconut, soybean, linseed, peanut, and
menhaden oils. Five diets contained 5% of each test oil and 3.1% of a
commercial lecithin containing 97.6% PL. Five additional diets contained 5%
of each oil but no lecithin. A control diet contained 3.1% lecithin but no
other oil, and an additional control diet contained no PL but 2.21% soybean
oil, 0.41% monobasic sodium phosphate, and 0.48% choline chloride (estimated
equivalent of soybean oil, phosphorus and choline in 3.1% lecithin). No
significant differences (at P<0.05) among treatments were observed
for survival and no significant interactions were observed between the
effects of PL and oil type for any of the responses after 8 weeks feeding;
however, shrimp fed diets containing PL obtained significantly higher final
weight and instantaneous growth rate (IGR), and lower feed conversion ratios
(FCR) than those fed diets containing the same oil and no PL. Shrimp fed
diets containing menhaden oil, with and without PL, showed higher final
weight and IGR, and lower FCR than the rest of the treatments. These diets
had a larger variety of fatty acids (FA), especially long chain highly
unsaturated FA (HUFA), and showed the highest percentage of arachidonic,
eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Menhaden oil showed a higher
nutritional value for juvenile L. vannamei because it provided more
essential FA, particularly n-3 HUFA.
(TAES Shrimp Mariculture Project, Texas A&M
University System, 1300 Port Street, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA, Tel.:
+1-361-749-4625; fax: +1-361-749-5756, e-mail: mayralizett@hotmail.com)