Effect of dietary phospholipids on the choline
requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles
H. Gong, A.L. Lawrence, D.H. Jiang, D.M. Gatlin-2003
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 34(3):
289-299 (ISI Current Contents)
Abstract:
An 8-wk feeding trial was conducted with a 3 X 4 factorial design for
evaluating the nutritional relationship between phospholipids (lecithin at
0, 1.5 % or 3 % of diet) and choline chloride (0, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000
mg/kg diet) in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, diets with five
graded levels of choline chloride (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg)
without supplemental phospholipids or cholesterol were fed for determining
the dietary choline requirement. Overall survival was 99% with no difference
among the dietary treatments. The choline requirement was estimated to be
871 mg/kg diet without dietary phospholipids. No choline requirement was
evident when lecithin was provided at 1.5 % and 3 % of diet. Shrimp growth
significantly increased with incremental dietary phospholipids regardless of
choline chloride level. These results indicate that lecithin could
effectively provide choline. Conversely, synthesis of phospholipids from
choline could not meet the phospholipids requirement of shrimp. Both dietary
lecithin and choline chloride supplementation reduced lipid in shrimp
muscle. However, only lecithin supplementation increased lipid in
hepatopancreas, and dietary choline chloride decreased the level of other
phospholipids (except phosphatidylcholine) in shrimp muscle.
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