Recent
improvements in broodstock management and larviculture in marine species in
Polynesia and New Caledonia: genetic and health approaches
G. Le Moullac, E. Goyard, D. Saulnier, Ph. Haffner,
E. Thouard, G. Nedelec, J. Goguenheim, C. Rouxel, G. Cuzon, Aquacop
Aquaculture, 227(1-4): 89-106
Abstract:
Aquaculture production in French Polynesia and New
Caledonia relies upon domesticated broodstock of two introduced species (the
shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris, and the fish Lates calcarifer)
and on natural stock of the local pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera.
For L. stylirostris, refrigeration of shrimp sperm lowers the
sanitary risk linked to the re-introduction of variability in Tahiti that is
proved necessary by microsatellite markers. They also allow paternity
controls that will improve future genetic management. Selective breeding
programs for shrimp are underway in Tahiti and under assessment at pilot
scale in New Caledonia. Conservation strategies are under elaboration for
local populations of P. margaritifera that have been proven
genetically differentiated. The recent development of pearl oyster
hatcheries is the first step towards genetic improvement of this species.
Thanks to geographical isolation and sanitary regulations, French Polynesia
and New Caledonia are not affected by the viral outbreaks affecting shrimp
elsewhere in the world (e.g., white spot and Taura syndrome viruses) and the
pearl oyster in Japan (Akoya virus). Furthermore, a zoosanitary surveillance
network of pearl oyster stocks is coming up in order to detect the emergence
of any pathogen. Recently, alternative methods for antibiotherapy in shrimp
larval rearing have been tested using probiotic bacteria, and could find an
application in pearl oyster larval rearing.
(IFREMER Aquacop, Centre Oceanologique du Pacifique,
BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia, e-mail: Gilles.Le.Moullac@ifremer.fr)