Effect of artificial and
natural diets on energy allocation in Litopenaeus setiferus
(Linnaeus, 1767) and Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) early
postlarvae
R. Brito, Ma.E. Chimal, R. Gelabert, G. Gaxiola, C.
Rosas-2004
Aquaculture, 237(1-4): 517-531
Abstract:
The amounts of energy channeled into growth (P),
maintenance (R), excretion (U) and exuviae (Ev)
were quantified in six dietary treatments during early postlarval
development in Litopenaeus setiferus and Litopenaeus vannamei
reared at 28±1 °C and 35±1‰ salinity. The six diet combinations were:
(1) freshly hatched Artemia nauplii, (2) freshly hatched Artemia
nauplii supplemented with algae, (3) microparticulate commercial diet (MCD),
(4) MCD supplemented with algae, (5) Artemia nauplii partially
substituted (50%) by MCD and (6) Artemia nauplii partially
substituted (50%) by MCD supplemented with algae. Oxygen consumption,
ammonia excretion and dry weight were measured from postlarvae day 1 (PL1)
to PL10 (1 to 10 days after metamorphosis). Energy distribution
in both species was affected by diet with significantly higher proportion of
energy allocated into production (1.49 J day−1 for L.
setiferus and 1.77 J day−1 for L. vannamei) when
animals were fed a mixed diet. The proportion of assimilated energy
channeled into production (P/As) was greater when both species were
fed mixed diet and was lower when fed on MCD alone or MCD plus algae. On the
contrary, the proportion of assimilated energy used in respiration (R/A)
was higher for both species when fed on MCD alone or MCD plus algae, with
the lowest values in animals fed on the mixed diet. Low values of net growth
efficiency (K2) were found in both species when the main
food was MCD (alone or supplemented with algae), with the highest K2
when animals were fed the mixed diet. Results show that divergences between
these two species during early postlarval stages only appear when animals
were in a poor physiological condition due to an inefficient diet. Artemia
nauplii, partially substituted by MCD with a supplement of algae, integrated
a high-quality diet for both species producing high net growth efficiency.
(Facultad de Ciencias Pesqueras, Universidad Autónoma
del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4, Col. Aviacion, CP 24180 Cd. del Carmen,
Campeche, Mexico, e-mail of R. Brito: rbrito@pampano.unacar.mx)