Pantothenic acid acts metabolically as part of coenzyme A (CoA) to transfer acyl groups in enzymatic reactions. This coenzyme is required in fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, steroid synthesis, pyruvate oxidation and other biological acetylations. Acetyl-CoA is also required in reactions in which the carbon skeletons of amino acids enter into energy-yielding metabolic pathways. Deficiency symptoms include abnormal gill features, anorexia and mortality. Sources of pantothenic acid include dried distillers solubles, cottonseed meal, fsh solubles, fish meal, peanut meal, rice bran and polishings, soybean meal, wheat bran and by-products, and yeast. Recommended supplementation level for pantothenic acid in commercial feeds is 75 mg/kg (Akiyama et al., 1992).