The continuing development of semi-intensive and intensive shrimp culture 
in temperate areas creates a need for indoor or enclosed nursery systems. The growing season is too short for two crops, if PL are stocked directly into growout ponds. Intensive nursery systems have recently been developed that allow shrimp farmers to "headstart" seed shrimp in greenhouses before stocking growout ponds. Using "headstart" systems not only incorporates advantages of two-phase production systems but also allows initiation of growout earlier in the year. This effectively increases the growout period by one to two months and permits production of two crops per year (Sturmer et al., 1992).
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