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Basically, there are two hatchery systems adopted. The large-tank hatchery which was developed in Japan is still the popular system applied in many Asian countries such as Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. The small tank hatchery which originated from Galveston USA, has been applied in the Philippines and to same extent in Malaysia and Thailand. Recently a modification of the above systems has been developed which combines the beneficial characteristics of both systems, taking into consideration the limitation of spawner supply. There are three determinants in designing a hatchery: target species, production target and level of financial inputs. Generally, the size of a hatchery should be based on its functional requirements and economic efficiency. Based on the level of operation, production output and financial investment, hatchery practice can be broadly grouped into three categories viz: small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale hatchery.
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