Enrichment of Artemia
nauplii in PUFA, phospholipids, and water-soluble nutrients using liposomes
Ó. Monroig,
J. Carlos Navarro, I. Amat, P. González,
F. Amat, F.
Hontoria-2003
Aquaculture International, 11
(1-2): 151-161
Abstract:
Different liposome formulations, including several
combinations of membrane composition, type of vesicle (multilamellar and
large unilamellar vesicles), preparation method, and vehiculated nutrient,
have been assayed as bioencapsulation products to enrich Artemia
nauplii with nutrients for feeding fish larvae. The stability of the
liposome preparations under conditions of use as enrichment product has been
tested using water soluble fluorescent markers as leakage indicators. The
content of the fatty acids and lipid classes bioencapsulated in Artemia
nauplii with liposomes has been analyzed by gas and thin layer
chromatography, respectively, and compared with other enrichment products.
The effect of the liposome enriched Artemia nauplii used as food
for fish larvae has been evaluated in sea bass cultures. Liposomes with high
content in polyunsaturated fatty acids leak out more than 50% of their
aqueous phase in less than 2 hours, unless they are stabilized with
cholesterol and formed as large unilamellar vesicles. Such vesicles hold 70%
of the encapsulated material for 8 hours. Liposome enriched nauplii in this
study reflect the influence of the enrichment products, however, they are
far from the commercial emulsion (Super Selco) in terms of docosahexaenoic
acid content, except for the nauplii enriched with liposomes made of pure
krill phospholipid extract by the method of detergent solubilization. The
liposome enriched nauplii show a higher amount of polar lipids in contrast
to the feed enriched with emulsions. The larvae fed liposome enriched
nauplii have only a slightly lower docosahexaenoic acid content than those
fed emulsion enriched nauplii. The results obtained confirm the suitable
potential use of liposomes as food supplement in larviculture. Problems and
advantages are discussed.
(Instituto
de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Torre de la Sal, Castellón,
Spain)